Our ingredients address each of the immediate effects – e.g., removal of under-eye bags or erasing of wrinkles / moisturizing impact – over days of use, as well as gradual effects, those occurring over the course of 2-3 months, driven by gene transcription / translation / replenishment of deficient ingredients.  All of our serum ingredients are each of the FDA (US) and EMA (EU) approved for cosmetic use.